Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
2. BThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
3. CThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
4. DThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site

In the United States, what does a Schedule II controlled substance mean?

1. AA drug with accepted medical use but a high risk of abuse
2. BA drug with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse
3. CA drug with almost no risk of abuse
4. DA drug available freely over the counter

Zolpidem is mainly prescribed for:

1. ATreatment of Parkinson's disease
2. BLong-term treatment of depression
3. CShort-term treatment of insomnia
4. DPrevention of migraine

Why is aspirin avoided in children and teenagers with viral illnesses such as flu or chickenpox?

1. AIt stops the vaccine from working
2. BIt is linked to Reye's syndrome, which harms the liver and brain
3. CIt causes severe, permanent hearing loss in young children
4. DIt causes grey baby syndrome

What should the nurse teach a patient about taking levothyroxine?

1. ATake it with milk at dinner, as calcium protects the stomach lining
2. BTake it together with the iron tablet to save time
3. CTake it only on days when feeling tired
4. DTake it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast

Which assessments are most important during a magnesium sulfate infusion?

1. ATemperature and skin colour only
2. BBlood glucose, pupil size and pupil reaction to light
3. CDeep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate and urine output
4. DBowel sounds and appetite

A toddler swallowed many of his mother's iron tablets. He has vomiting and bloody diarrhoea. Which drug may be used to bind iron?

1. ANaloxone
2. BActivated charcoal given by mouth
3. CDeferoxamine (desferrioxamine)
4. DAcetylcysteine

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
2. BLithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
3. CLithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
4. DThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated