Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Почему инсулин вводят инъекционно, а не в таблетках?

1. AТаблетки высвобождали бы его слишком медленно
2. BОн действует, только если попадает прямо в скелетные мышцы
3. CОн слишком токсичен для слизистой желудка
4. DЭто белок, который переварился бы в кишечнике

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ABecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
2. BTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
3. CTo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
4. DBecause one drug alone causes no side effects

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of which hormone?

1. AOxytocin, the hormone of labour
2. BInsulin
3. CAldosterone
4. DAntidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Long-term use of metformin can cause a deficiency of which vitamin?

1. AVitamin A
2. BVitamin D
3. CVitamin B12
4. DVitamin K

A patient is due the first dose of IV cefuroxime. Which question is most important before giving it?

1. A"Have you taken paracetamol today?"
2. B"Have you eaten anything in the last two hours?"
3. C"Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
4. D"Do you prefer the drip in your left arm or in your right arm?"

What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?

1. AExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well
2. BTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
3. CTake it on an empty stomach with an antacid
4. DStop it as soon as the burning settles

An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?

1. ALow serum magnesium
2. BHigh serum calcium
3. CLow serum glucose
4. DHigh serum sodium

A postoperative patient using morphine PCA is very drowsy, hard to rouse and has a respiratory rate of 7 per minute. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the PCA, try to rouse the patient and give naloxone as per protocol
2. BReduce the PCA dose and leave the pump running
3. CLet the patient sleep and recheck in one hour
4. DEncourage the patient to press the button only when awake and in pain