Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Which vasopressor is usually first-line for septic shock that persists after fluids?

1. AAdenosine
2. BGlyceryl trinitrate
3. CIsoprenaline (isoproterenol)
4. DNoradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Where should an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector be given?

1. AInto a vein in the arm
2. BInto the abdomen under the skin
3. CUnder the tongue
4. DInto the outer thigh muscle

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
2. BThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
3. CThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
4. DThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3,0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive intramuscular glucagon at once
2. BGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
3. CGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
4. DGive the next scheduled dose of insulin

Which blood test is commonly used to monitor a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AHaemoglobin A1c
2. BSerum potassium
3. CINR (international normalised ratio, prothrombin time)
4. DActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

A patient takes theophylline for COPD. Which advice is most important?

1. ALimit coffee, tea and cola, because caffeine adds to the side effects
2. BAvoid potassium-rich foods such as bananas
3. CTake extra doses when short of breath
4. DDrink plenty of grapefruit juice each morning to improve absorption

80-летний мужчина с увеличенной предстательной железой начинает принимать оксибутинин по поводу гиперактивного мочевого пузыря. У него появляются спутанность сознания и задержка мочи. Каково наиболее вероятное объяснение?

1. AСеротониновый синдром
2. BАнтихолинергические нежелательные эффекты
3. CОпиоидная интоксикация
4. DАллергическая реакция на препарат

A man on long-term testosterone therapy has a rising haematocrit. Why is this important?

1. AA high haematocrit shows that the testosterone is not being absorbed
2. BTestosterone raises red cell production, increasing clot risk
3. CIt means the testosterone dose is too low
4. DIt is a sign of liver failure caused by testosterone