Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

What is drug synergism?

1. ATwo drugs together produce exactly the sum of their separate effects
2. BOne drug cancels out the effect of another drug
3. CA drug loses its effect after repeated doses
4. DTwo drugs together have a greater effect than the sum of each alone

What is enzyme induction?

1. AA drug speeds up liver enzymes, so other drugs are broken down faster
2. BA drug is converted into an enzyme in the body
3. CA drug causes an allergic reaction to enzymes
4. DA drug blocks liver enzymes, so other drugs build up in the blood

What does the combined oral contraceptive pill contain?

1. ATestosterone and an oestrogen
2. BA progestogen only
3. CAn oestrogen and a progestogen
4. DOxytocin and a progestogen

Лекарство подавляет печёночный фермент CYP3A4. Что может произойти со вторым препаратом, который в основном метаболизируется CYP3A4?

1. AЕго уровень в плазме растёт, повышая риск побочных эффектов
2. BЕго уровень в плазме падает, и он может перестать действовать в обычной дозе
3. CПочки выводят его быстрее
4. DНичего, потому что ферменты не влияют на другие лекарства

A patient is due the first dose of IV cefuroxime. Which question is most important before giving it?

1. A"Have you eaten anything in the last two hours?"
2. B"Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
3. C"Have you taken paracetamol today?"
4. D"Do you prefer the drip in your left arm or in your right arm?"

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3,0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive the next scheduled dose of insulin
2. BGive intramuscular glucagon at once
3. CGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
4. DGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice

Which statement correctly contrasts donepezil and memantine in Alzheimer's disease?

1. ABoth drugs are dopamine agonists that differ only in their half-lives
2. BDonepezil blocks NMDA receptors; memantine inhibits acetylcholinesterase
3. CDonepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
4. DBoth drugs remove amyloid plaques from the brain

A noradrenaline infusion is running through a peripheral cannula. The skin around the site becomes pale, cold and hard. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave the infusion running and recheck in 4 hours
2. BStop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol
3. CIncrease the rate to improve blood flow to the area
4. DApply heat and massage the area, then continue the infusion