Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

What is the normal serum sodium range in adults?

1. A150–165 mmol/L
2. B135–145 mmol/L
3. C3,5–5,0 mmol/L
4. D95–105 mmol/L

Что такое толерантность к лекарству?

1. AУсиление ответа при каждом приёме лекарства
2. BАллергическая реакция на лекарство
3. CСнижение ответа после повторного применения, из-за чего нужна более высокая доза
4. DСпособность принимать лекарство, не получая вообще никаких побочных эффектов

Dobutamine is mainly used to:

1. ATreat high blood pressure at home
2. BIncrease heart contractility in cardiogenic shock or acute heart failure
3. CSlow the heart rate in fast atrial fibrillation with low blood pressure
4. DDissolve clots in the coronary arteries

Which rule applies to intravenous potassium chloride?

1. AIt is given as a rapid IV push to correct low levels quickly
2. BIt is mixed into blood products to save time
3. CIt may be given intramuscularly if there is no IV access
4. DIt must be diluted and given as an infusion, never as an IV push

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
2. BIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
3. CIt causes immediate kidney failure
4. DIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction

A child is starting methylphenidate for ADHD. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AGive the drug only at weekends
2. BExpect weight gain as the main side effect
3. CGive doses early in the day and monitor appetite and growth
4. DGive the last dose at bedtime to help the child sleep

A drug is ordered at 5 micrograms/kg/min for an 80 kg patient. The infusion contains 1,600 micrograms per mL. What rate in mL/h is needed?

1. A25 mL/h
2. B15 mL/h
3. C4 mL/h
4. D150 mL/h

A pregnant woman develops a deep vein thrombosis. Which anticoagulant is usually preferred?

1. AWarfarin
2. BLow-molecular-weight heparin, such as enoxaparin
3. CRivaroxaban, a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor
4. DAspirin alone