Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?

1. AHerd immunity
2. BActive immunity
3. CPassive immunity
4. DInnate immunity

What is a "broad-spectrum" antibiotic?

1. AOne that acts against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
2. BOne that is given only intravenously in hospital
3. COne that also treats viral and fungal infections
4. DOne that is taken for a long time at low dose to prevent any infection

Infliximab and adalimumab are biological drugs that block:

1. AHistamine H1 receptors in the skin and airways
2. BVitamin K recycling
3. CInsulin receptors
4. DTumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?

1. AA healthy 1-year-old child
2. BA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
3. CA patient with mild seasonal allergies
4. DA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward

A patient takes isoniazid. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake it with antacids to protect the stomach from irritation
2. BStop the drug when the cough improves
3. CExpect the urine to turn orange
4. DAvoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite

A patient takes low-dose weekly methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Which monitoring is needed?

1. ADaily blood glucose checks
2. BRegular blood count, liver and kidney function tests
3. CMonthly hearing tests
4. DWeekly INR checks and a monthly ECG to check the heart rhythm

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3,1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. AInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
2. BInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
3. CLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
4. DPotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis needs a benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal. Why is lorazepam often chosen instead of diazepam?

1. ALorazepam does not cause sedation in liver disease
2. BLorazepam is excreted unchanged in the urine without any metabolism
3. CLorazepam is a stronger anticonvulsant than all other benzodiazepines
4. DLorazepam is cleared by simple conjugation and has no active metabolites