Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Which adverse effect is most common with colchicine?

1. ADrowsiness and slow breathing
2. BDiarrhoea, nausea and vomiting
3. CWeight gain and swelling
4. DConstipation and dry mouth

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
2. BIt increases the excretion of cholesterol in the urine and bile
3. CIt reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine
4. DIt binds bile acids in the gut

Что такое плацебо?

1. AЛекарство, активное только в группе плацебо
2. BНовое лекарство, ещё не получившее одобрения
3. CЛекарство, назначаемое в половинной дозе, чтобы уменьшить побочные эффекты в исследованиях
4. DНеактивное средство, которое всё же может вызывать эффекты за счёт ожиданий

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. ANo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
2. BBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted
3. CA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
4. DAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut

An adult patient is due to receive digoxin. The apical pulse, counted for a full minute, is 52 beats per minute. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and document the pulse
2. BWithhold the dose and notify the prescriber
3. CGive the dose with food to slow absorption
4. DGive the dose and recheck the pulse in one hour

How should a topical corticosteroid cream usually be applied?

1. AAs a thick layer over the whole body
2. BOn broken, infected skin to speed healing
3. CAs a thin layer to the affected area only, as directed
4. DUnder a tight plastic dressing every night without advice

A woman with epilepsy who takes an antiepileptic drug plans to become pregnant. Which advice is standard?

1. ANo change is needed, as antiepileptics carry no risk in pregnancy
2. BTake folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication
3. CStop all antiepileptic drugs straight away as soon as she stops contraception
4. DAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels

У пациента с ранней передозировкой аспирина (салицилатов) шум в ушах и частое дыхание. Какая картина кислотно-основного состояния классическая?

1. AДыхательный алкалоз, за которым следует метаболический ацидоз
2. BДыхательный ацидоз с нормальным бикарбонатом
3. CМетаболический алкалоз, за которым следует дыхательный ацидоз
4. DЧистый метаболический алкалоз