Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Fluconazole is used to treat infections caused by:

1. AGram-negative bacteria
2. BViruses such as influenza
3. CFungi such as Candida
4. DParasites such as malaria

Which drug reverses the sedation of a benzodiazepine overdose?

1. AAtropine
2. BProtamine sulfate
3. CNaloxone
4. DFlumazenil

Which intramuscular site is recommended for infants?

1. AVastus lateralis (outer thigh)
2. BDeltoid
3. CDorsogluteal (upper outer buttock)
4. DVentral forearm

When does oseltamivir give the most benefit in influenza?

1. AWhen started within 48 hours of the first symptoms
2. BOnly after symptoms have lasted at least one week
3. CAt any time, as the timing makes no difference
4. DOnly after a bacterial pneumonia has developed

A patient with heart failure starts furosemide. Which self-monitoring instruction is most useful?

1. AMeasure the temperature twice a day and record it in a diary
2. BCount the respiratory rate each evening
3. CCheck the blood glucose before every meal
4. DWeigh daily at the same time on the same scales

A malnourished patient with alcohol dependence needs IV glucose. Which vitamin should be given before or with it?

1. AThiamine (vitamin B1)
2. BVitamin C
3. CVitamin K (phytomenadione)
4. DVitamin D

A patient who used heroin a few hours ago is given a first dose of buprenorphine and quickly develops severe withdrawal. Why?

1. ABuprenorphine is a pure antagonist like naloxone with no agonist effect
2. BBuprenorphine has no effect at opioid receptors
3. CBuprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin
4. DBuprenorphine causes an allergic reaction in heroin users

A patient develops a dry cough on an ACE inhibitor and is switched to losartan. Why is losartan less likely to cause cough?

1. AIt is excreted faster by the kidney
2. BIt does not block the breakdown of bradykinin
3. CIt also acts as a bronchodilator
4. DIt blocks histamine receptors in the airways