Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Зачем некоторым людям с болезнями сердца назначают аспирин в низкой дозе?

1. AЧтобы немедленно снять боль в груди
2. BЧтобы снизить уровень холестерина в крови и стабилизировать бляшки
3. CЧтобы замедлить сердечный ритм
4. DЧтобы уменьшить агрегацию тромбоцитов и предотвратить тромбы

Methylphenidate, used in ADHD, belongs to which class?

1. ABenzodiazepines
2. BOpioid analgesics
3. CAntipsychotics (dopamine blockers)
4. DCentral nervous system stimulants

Drugs whose names end in "-pril", such as lisinopril, belong to which class?

1. AACE inhibitors
2. BBeta blockers
3. CCalcium channel blockers
4. DAngiotensin II receptor blockers

Which description fits tardive dyskinesia?

1. AInvoluntary movements of the lips, tongue and face after long-term antipsychotic use
2. BA sudden painful spasm of the neck muscles and upward rolling of the eyes within days of the first dose
3. CA low white cell count with sore throat and fever
4. DHigh fever with lead-pipe rigidity and confusion

Which group of effects would the nurse expect after a dose of an anticholinergic drug such as atropine?

1. ADiarrhoea, frequent urination and sweating
2. BBronchial secretions, wheeze and tearing of the eyes
3. CHeavy salivation, slow heart rate and small pupils
4. DDry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils

Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?

1. ATake it with alcohol to make it act faster
2. BTake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night
3. CDrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect
4. DTake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night

Two days after starting chemotherapy for a leukaemia with a high white cell count, a patient has reduced urine output. Which lab pattern suggests tumour lysis syndrome?

1. AHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
2. BLow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
3. CNormal electrolytes with a high haemoglobin
4. DHigh sodium, high glucose and low potassium

Why is gentamicin often given once daily instead of in several small doses?

1. AIts killing depends on high peak levels, with a post-antibiotic effect
2. BIt has a very long half-life of several days
3. CIts killing depends only on the time the level stays above the MIC
4. DIt is absorbed slowly from the muscle over 24 hours