Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. AUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)
2. BBacterial meningitis in adults and children
3. CPneumonia
4. DBone infections

Timolol eye drops are used mainly to treat:

1. ABacterial conjunctivitis
2. BGlaucoma
3. CCataracts
4. DDry eyes

Venlafaxine belongs to which class of antidepressants?

1. ASelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
2. BSerotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
3. CMonoamine oxidase inhibitors
4. DTricyclic antidepressants

Какой частый побочный эффект типичен для ингибиторов АПФ?

1. AГипогликемия
2. BБрадикардия
3. CСухой кашель
4. DОтёк лодыжек из-за расширения сосудов

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?

1. AMild headache on the first day
2. BSlight tiredness in the afternoon
3. CA brief change in taste
4. DAny new skin rash

A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
2. BTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
3. CTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
4. DDouble the dose to build tolerance faster

Why is gentamicin often given once daily instead of in several small doses?

1. AIts killing depends on high peak levels, with a post-antibiotic effect
2. BIt is absorbed slowly from the muscle over 24 hours
3. CIts killing depends only on the time the level stays above the MIC
4. DIt has a very long half-life of several days

Before starting long-term bisphosphonate treatment, a patient is advised to have a dental check-up. Why?

1. ABisphosphonates cause severe gum overgrowth
2. BBisphosphonates dissolve tooth enamel within weeks
3. CThey are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery
4. DBisphosphonates stain the teeth black if taken for many years