Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: kardiyovasküler ve solunum çalışma kâğıdı

Where is the apex beat normally felt in an adult?

1. AOver the middle of the breastbone
2. BThe fifth intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line
3. CThe second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
4. DJust below the right nipple

Heparin veya apiksaban gibi antikoagülan ilaçların temel rolü nedir?

1. ATrombositlerin birbirine yapışmasını engellemek
2. BAmeliyat veya kanama sonrası trombosit sayısını yükseltmek
3. CYeni pıhtıları önlemek ve mevcut pıhtıların büyümesini durdurmak
4. DMevcut pıhtıları birkaç dakika içinde tamamen çözmek

Which vaccine is used to protect against tuberculosis?

1. ADTaP
2. BBCG
3. CHPV
4. DMMR

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be falsely low
2. BThe reading will be falsely high
3. CThe reading will be accurate but slower
4. DOnly the pulse rate will be affected

A patient who had a stroke has a weak swallow. Which measure most reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia?

1. AGiving meals while the patient is drowsy
2. BA swallowing assessment and sitting upright for meals
3. CLying flat for 30 minutes after eating to aid digestion
4. DGiving thin fluids quickly through a straw between meals

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina
3. CStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
4. DAcute pericarditis

Two adults with cystic fibrosis are admitted to the same ward. What is the correct infection-control plan?

1. APut them in the same bay so they can support each other
2. BUse standard precautions only, as CF is not infectious
3. CLet them share physiotherapy sessions and equipment
4. DNurse them in separate single rooms and keep them apart

Four hours after abdominal surgery, a patient's heart rate has risen from 84 to 122/min and they are restless and pale. BP is still 118/76 mmHg, and the surgical drain is filling with blood. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AThe patient is stable because the blood pressure is normal
2. BThe tachycardia is from pain and needs only analgesia
3. CThe drain is working well, so no action is needed
4. DEarly haemorrhagic shock is likely, so escalate urgently