Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: kardiyovasküler ve solunum çalışma kâğıdı

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BDissolved freely in the plasma water
3. CCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
4. DBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood
2. BA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
3. CA falling level of potassium in the blood
4. DA rising level of oxygen in the blood

What does the term "dyspnoea" mean?

1. AA complete stop in breathing lasting over 10 seconds
2. BBreathing that is deeper than normal
3. CThe feeling of difficult or uncomfortable breathing
4. DA breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute at rest

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. ARemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
2. BOne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
3. CDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team
4. DIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. AFlat on the back with the legs raised
2. BLying on the affected side with the head down
3. CProne with the arms by the sides
4. DSitting upright and leaning forward over a table

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
2. BLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
3. CPotassium has no link with either medicine
4. DLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely

After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin
2. BWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
3. CAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach
4. DDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster

Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?

1. AGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
2. BRestart the infusion at a slower rate
3. CGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour
4. DGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)