Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: kardiyovasküler ve solunum çalışma kâğıdı

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. AThe pulmonary arteries
2. BThe pulmonary veins
3. CThe coronary sinus
4. DThe venae cavae

Atriyal fibrilasyonda kalp hızını yavaşlatmak için yaygın olarak hangi ilaç kullanılır?

1. AAtorvastatin (bir statin)
2. BFurosemid (bir loop diüretik)
3. CBisoprolol (bir beta bloker)
4. DAmlodipin (bir dihidropiridin kalsiyum kanal blokeri)

Drug names ending in "-olol", such as bisoprolol and atenolol, belong to which class?

1. ABeta-blockers
2. BLoop diuretics
3. CACE inhibitors
4. DCalcium channel blockers

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AThe patch works only during the night
2. BThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
3. CA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
4. DIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma
2. BTo make the cough completely stop
3. CTo flush the bacteria out through the urine
4. DTo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner

Kalp yetmezliği olan bir hasta tuzun neden kısıtlandığını soruyor. Hangi açıklama doğrudur?

1. ASodyum kasılan kalp kasını doğrudan zayıflatır
2. BSodyum vücudun su tutmasına yol açar ve bu konjesyonu artırır
3. CSodyum uyku sırasında kalp hızını yükseltir
4. DSodyum diüretik tabletlerin düzgün emilmesini engeller

A patient being treated for pulmonary TB repeatedly misses doses and stops when they feel better. Which strategy is most effective?

1. ASwitching to a single drug to make it easier
2. BDirectly observed therapy with support for barriers to adherence
3. CStopping treatment, as it is clearly not working for this patient
4. DDoubling the dose on the days the patient remembers to take it

After an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting that responded to adrenaline (epinephrine), a patient asks to go home immediately. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay in hospital for at least two weeks on daily intravenous antihistamines
2. BStay for observation, then go home with an adrenaline auto-injector and teaching
3. CGo home straight away, because anaphylaxis never recurs once adrenaline has worked
4. DGo home and take antihistamines only if the throat swells