Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh pressure inside the skull
2. BRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
3. CHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
4. DRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver

Sütürlerle kapatılmış temiz bir cerrahi insizyonun iyileşmesini hangi iyileşme türü tanımlar?

1. Aİkincil niyet
2. BGeciktirilmiş niyet
3. CÜçüncül niyet
4. DBirincil niyet (primer iyileşme)

Which is a main benefit of early mobilisation after surgery?

1. ALower risk of chest infection and blood clots
2. BLess need to check the wound at all
3. CIt prevents all postoperative pain
4. DFaster absorption of the anaesthetic gas

How is an uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus often first treated?

1. ADecompression with a flexible sigmoidoscope and flatus tube
2. BEating a large high-fibre meal
3. CHigh-dose laxatives taken by mouth
4. DA barium meal given by mouth to untwist the bowel slowly

Why is a pregnancy test often done before surgery in women who could be pregnant?

1. AAnaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
2. BPregnant women cannot sign consent forms
3. CIt is needed to calculate the anaesthetic drug dose
4. DPregnancy always makes surgery impossible

Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?

1. AThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate
2. BThe air always makes the tube block
3. CAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
4. DIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. ALie the patient flat with the legs raised
2. BStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
3. CIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
4. DEncourage the patient to drink more fluids

On the morning of elective hip surgery, a patient says she took her usual warfarin last night despite being told to stop. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell her the surgery must be cancelled for a month
2. BProceed with the usual checklist and say nothing
3. CGive a double dose of vitamin K by mouth without waiting for a prescription
4. DInform the surgical and anaesthetic teams, who will check the INR