Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What does the ASA physical status classification describe?

1. AThe type of anaesthetic drug the surgeon prefers
2. BThe patient's general health before anaesthesia
3. CThe exact length of the planned operation
4. DThe patient's pain score after surgery

What is lymphoedema?

1. AInflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and armpits from a virus
2. BSwelling from a broken bone in the arm
3. CFluid in the lungs from heart failure
4. DSwelling from poor lymph drainage, for example after node removal

Which feature is typical of ulcerative colitis?

1. APatchy inflammation anywhere from mouth to anus
2. BInflammation limited to the oesophagus
3. CInflammation of the full thickness of the small bowel
4. DContinuous inflammation starting at the rectum

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AWait until there has been no stool for a week
2. BStart a regular laxative at the same time
3. CTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
4. DStop eating fibre completely

Which treatment often relieves pain from a bone metastasis?

1. AComplete bed rest for a month
2. BA diet low in calcium and vitamin D
3. CIron supplements by mouth for several months
4. DPalliative radiotherapy to the area

Sirozda sodyum kısıtlamasının ve spironolaktonun rolü nedir?

1. AKan basıncını yükseltmek ve böbrek kan akımını iyileştirmek
2. BPotasyum kaybını artırmak ve hiperkalemiyi önlemek
3. CKan amonyağını düşürmek ve ensefalopatiyi tedavi etmek
4. DSodyum ve su retansiyonunu azaltmak ve asiti kontrol etmek

A patient with a toe ulcer says the leg pain is worse at night and eases when they hang the leg over the side of the bed. What does this suggest?

1. AVenous insufficiency
2. BLymphoedema
3. CArterial insufficiency
4. DNeuropathic itching

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. ASit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
2. BLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
3. COffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
4. DMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin