Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What is metastasis?

1. AShrinking of a tumour after treatment
2. BThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
3. CHealing of tissue after a biopsy
4. DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo treat the surgical wound in advance
2. BTo make the patient hungry after surgery
3. CTo replace the general anaesthetic
4. DTo reduce anxiety

What is portal hypertension?

1. ARaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
2. BHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
3. CHigh pressure inside the skull
4. DRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure

Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?

1. AThe air always makes the tube block
2. BThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate
3. CIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside
4. DAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung

Which statement about giving medicines through a feeding tube is correct?

1. AMedicines can be added to the bag of feed
2. BTubes do not need flushing between medicines
3. CModified-release tablets should not be crushed
4. DAll tablets can be crushed together and given at once

When is cold therapy most useful for pain?

1. AFor long-term muscle stiffness, applied continuously for several hours
2. BSoon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
3. CDirectly on skin with poor circulation
4. DOver numb areas where sensation is lost

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait until a relative can confirm the pain
2. BAssume there is no pain because none is reported
3. CGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia
4. DUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess

After surgery, a patient keeps asking for analgesia before it is due, watches the clock and rates pain 8/10. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

1. AThe patient is addicted and should have analgesia withheld
2. BThe patient needs only distraction and no change in drugs
3. CPain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
4. DThe patient is exaggerating, so the pain scores should be ignored for now