Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

Karaciğer sirozunun en sık nedenlerinden biri hangisidir?

1. AUzun süreli yoğun alkol kullanımı
2. BTek bir gıda zehirlenmesi atağı
3. CMeyve ve lif açısından zengin bir diyet
4. DDemir eksikliği anemisi

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. ARemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
2. BRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump
3. CJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
4. DPlacing a stent in the bile duct

Hasta kontrollü analjezi (PCA) pompasının düğmesine kim basmalıdır?

1. AHastanın istediği herhangi bir ziyaretçi
2. BHasta uyurken bir yakını
3. CYalnızca hasta
4. DHer vardiyanın başında hemşire

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AKeeping the room dark during the day
2. BGiving a sleeping tablet every night
3. CMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom
4. DMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids

What is anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy?

1. ANausea caused only by the smell of food
2. BNausea triggered by reminders of treatment before it is given
3. CNausea caused by low blood glucose
4. DNausea that starts about a week after each cycle and lasts for days

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
2. BAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
3. CA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan
4. DA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day

A dying patient has noisy, rattling breathing. The patient seems unaware, but the family is distressed. What is the best nursing approach?

1. AAsk the family to leave the room
2. BReposition, explain the cause and give prescribed drugs if needed
3. CGive large volumes of IV fluid to loosen and thin the secretions
4. DPerform deep suction every hour

Six hours after surgery, a patient has not passed urine, has lower abdominal discomfort and a bladder scan shows 750 mL. What should the nurse do?

1. ARestrict fluids until the urge returns
2. BWait another twelve hours before acting
3. CGive a diuretic to increase urine flow
4. DCatheterise as per protocol or prescription