Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

Which statement describes moderate ("conscious") sedation?

1. AThe patient cannot be roused by any stimulus, even a painful one
2. BThe patient needs a ventilator to breathe
3. CThe patient is fully alert and anxious
4. DThe patient is drowsy but responds to voice or light touch

İleostomi çıkışı sigmoid kolostomi çıkışından genellikle nasıl farklıdır?

1. Aİleostomi çıkışı sıvıdır; kolostomi çıkışı şekillidir
2. Bİkisi de yalnızca gaz ve mukus üretir
3. Cİleostomi çıkışı şekillidir; kolostomi çıkışı sıvıdır
4. Dİkisi de günde bir kez şekilli dışkı üretir

Atılım ağrısı (breakthrough pain) nedir?

1. AYalnızca ameliyat sırasında hissedilen ağrı
2. BDüzenli temel analjeziye rağmen ağrının alevlenmesi
3. CDüzenli tedaviyle tamamen geçmiş ağrı
4. DYalnızca analjeziklere alerjinin neden olduğu ağrı

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AWait until there has been no stool for a week
2. BStop eating fibre completely
3. CStart a regular laxative at the same time
4. DTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. ANormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever
2. BRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
3. CJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
4. DPale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
2. BAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
3. CA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
4. DA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage the patient to drink more fluids
2. BLie the patient flat with the legs raised
3. CIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
4. DStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate

A nurse teaches a patient to self-inject low molecular weight heparin at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll put the used syringe in the sharps bin."
2. B"I'll change the injection site each day."
3. C"I'll rub the area afterwards to spread the medicine."
4. D"I'll report any unusual bruising or bleeding."