Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

In TNM staging of cancer, what does "N" describe?

1. AThe nerve damage caused by the tumour
2. BThe number of tumours in the body
3. CSpread to nearby lymph nodes
4. DThe new cells formed after treatment

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ASlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
2. BHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
3. CRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
4. DNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
4. DGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it

Tümör lizis sendromuna hangi elektrolit örüntüsü tipiktir?

1. ADüşük potasyum, düşük fosfat ve düşük ürik asit
2. BDüşük potasyum ve fosfat ile yüksek kalsiyum
3. CYüksek potasyum, fosfat ve ürik asit; düşük kalsiyum
4. DDüşük ürik asit düzeyiyle yüksek sodyum ve yüksek kalsiyum

GİS kanaması olan stabil bir hastada kırmızı hücre transfüzyonuna yönelik hangi yaklaşım güncel kanıtlara uyar?

1. AHer endoskopiden önce rutin olarak iki ünite transfüzyon yapmak
2. BÇoğu stabil hastada, çoğunlukla yaklaşık 70 g/L civarında kısıtlayıcı bir eşik
3. CHemoglobini her zaman 150 g/L'nin üzerinde tutmak için herkese transfüzyon yapmak
4. DHemoglobin veya belirtiler ne olursa olsun asla transfüzyon yapmamak

Which practice is correct when giving parenteral nutrition through a central line?

1. ADisconnect and reconnect the line without cleaning the hub
2. BLet the bag hang at room temperature for several days
3. CUse a dedicated lumen and strict aseptic technique
4. DGive other IV drugs through the same lumen to save time

An incontinent patient has diffuse, shiny, red and broken skin in the natal cleft and buttocks with irregular edges, not over a bony prominence. What is most likely?

1. AA category 4 pressure ulcer over the sacrum
2. BIncontinence-associated dermatitis
3. CAn arterial ulcer caused by poor circulation
4. DA full-thickness burn

A nurse teaches a patient after a laparoscopic fundoplication for reflux. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Some difficulty swallowing can happen in the early weeks."
2. B"Fizzy drinks will help me bring up wind after meals."
3. C"I'll eat soft, moist food at first and chew it well."
4. D"I should eat smaller meals for a while after the operation."