Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. AFrequent urinary infections in childhood
2. BDrinking a lot of water
3. CSmoking
4. DA diet high in fruit

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AUrine that smells slightly stronger
2. BPassing urine more often at night only
3. CMild burning on passing urine only
4. DFever, rigors and pain in the loin

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only
2. BThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken
3. CThe average blood glucose over about two to three months
4. DThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making

Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?

1. AA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest
2. BWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
3. CBetter in the morning and worse with stress
4. DOnly present after reading for a long time

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. ADark yellow urine and thirst
2. BA weight loss of 1 kg (2,2 lb) after a hot day
3. CA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing
4. DA weight gain of 2 kg (4,4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. AAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
2. BRestricting fluids in the evening only
3. CCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
4. DVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet

Haftalardır ilacını almamış hipotiroidili bir hasta hipotermik ve uykulu, nabzı 46/dk, düşük sodyumlu ve yüksek PaCO₂'li olarak yatırılıyor. En olası durum hangisidir?

1. AAdrenal kriz
2. BTiroid fırtınası
3. CSıcak çarpması
4. DMiksödem koması

Hemodiyaliz hastaları için hangi ilaç zamanlaması sorunu önemlidir?

1. ADiyalizle uzaklaşabilen ilaçların seanstan sonra verilmesi gerekebilir
2. BDiyaliz hiçbir ilacı uzaklaştırmaz
3. CTüm ilaçlar seanstan hemen önce verilmelidir
4. DDiyaliz günlerinde hiçbir ilaç alınamaz