Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

In neurological charting, what does PERRLA stand for?

1. APupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
2. BPain eased, resting, relaxed, lying awake
3. CPatient eating, resting, reading, learning and alert at all times
4. DPulse even, regular, rate low and adequate

What causes Graves' disease?

1. AToo much TSH from a pituitary tumour
2. BAntibodies that stimulate the TSH receptor
3. CA lack of iodine in the diet
4. DA viral infection of the parathyroid glands

The nurse asks a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance. Which cranial nerve is being tested?

1. ATrigeminal nerve (V)
2. BAccessory nerve (XI)
3. CHypoglossal nerve (XII)
4. DFacial nerve (VII)

Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?

1. AA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest
2. BOnly present after reading for a long time
3. CBetter in the morning and worse with stress
4. DWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting

Which blood gas pattern is typical of acute kidney injury?

1. AHigh pH and low carbon dioxide
2. BLow pH and low bicarbonate
3. CLow pH and high carbon dioxide only
4. DHigh pH and high bicarbonate

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. ADoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
2. BStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
3. CUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
4. DIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours

At bedtime, a patient was given their rapid-acting insulin by mistake instead of their long-acting insulin. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the long-acting dose as well and check glucose at breakfast
2. BGive glucagon now, before the glucose has fallen
3. CTell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight
4. DSay nothing, because the patient is asleep and seems fine

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. AGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
2. BStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
3. CTreat the confusion with a sedative
4. DEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture