Cevaplı Farmakoloji çalışma kâğıdı

Ciclosporin and tacrolimus are used mainly to:

1. ALower high blood cholesterol
2. BPrevent rejection of transplanted organs
3. CRelieve acute pain after surgery
4. DTreat bacterial infections after surgery

Montelukast, used in asthma, belongs to which drug class?

1. AShort-acting beta-2 agonists
2. BAntimuscarinic bronchodilators
3. CLeukotriene receptor antagonists
4. DInhaled corticosteroids

Why is methadone used to treat opioid use disorder?

1. AIt is a pure opioid antagonist that blocks all opioid effects
2. BIt is a long-acting opioid that prevents withdrawal and craving
3. CIt causes vomiting if other opioids are used
4. DIt cures the liver damage caused by opioids

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
2. BHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
3. CMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
4. DIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting

In which patient is bupropion contraindicated?

1. AA patient with seasonal allergies
2. BA patient who wants to stop smoking
3. CA patient with high blood cholesterol and a family history of it
4. DA patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder

Bir ilacın klerensi neyi tanımlar?

1. ABir diyaliz seansında uzaklaştırılan ilaç miktarını
2. BBirim zamanda ilaçtan arındırılan plazma hacmini
3. Cİlacın plazmadan tamamen kaybolması için gereken süreyi
4. DDozun emilen oranını

Bir ilacın dağılım hacmi çok büyük (örneğin bir yetişkinde 500 L). Bu neyi düşündürür?

1. Aİlaç böbreklerle hızla atılır
2. Bİlaç neredeyse tamamen plazma kompartmanında kalır
3. Cİlaç damar içi verilemez
4. Dİlaç dokular tarafından yoğun biçimde alınır

A patient taking furosemide has a serum potassium of 2,9 mmol/L (mEq/L). Which ECG change is typical of this level?

1. AA short QT interval with high R waves
2. BFlattened T waves and prominent U waves
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DWidened QRS with a sine-wave pattern