Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

What does the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) do?

1. AIt turns RNA into protein
2. BIt makes many copies of a piece of DNA
3. CIt separates proteins by their charge
4. DIt cuts DNA at specific sequences

Яку форму має молекула ДНК?

1. AПлоского кільця
2. BОдиничного прямого ланцюга
3. CПодвійної спіралі
4. DПотрійної спіралі

What is an ecosystem?

1. AAll the members of one species in an area
2. BThe weather in a particular region
3. CA single organism together with all of its organs and tissues
4. DThe living things in an area and their non-living surroundings

Nerve cells release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) stored in vesicles. By which process are they released?

1. APhagocytosis
2. BEndocytosis
3. COsmosis
4. DExocytosis

Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?

1. AOnly half of the DNA is copied each time
2. BEach new strand is a random mix of old and new pieces
3. CEach new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand
4. DThe old DNA molecule is kept whole, and a completely new one is made

Why do plants wilt when the soil around their roots becomes very salty?

1. AThe roots take in too much water
2. BWater leaves the root cells by osmosis
3. CSalt blocks sunlight from reaching the leaves
4. DSalt makes the root cells swell and burst

A man with an X-linked recessive disorder (XʰY) has children with a woman who has two normal alleles (XᴴXᴴ). What is expected among their children?

1. AAll sons are affected, and no daughters are carriers
2. BHalf of the sons and half of the daughters are affected
3. CAll daughters are carriers, and no sons are affected
4. DAll daughters are affected, and all sons are carriers

People who carry one sickle cell allele are more resistant to malaria. Why is the allele common in regions where malaria is widespread?

1. APeople with two sickle alleles are fully healthy there
2. BThe allele is dominant, so it spreads by itself
3. CNatural selection favours the heterozygotes there
4. DMalaria causes the sickle cell mutation directly