Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

What does a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) show?

1. ADamage to heart muscle within the past few hours
2. BInflammation somewhere in the body, without showing where
3. CA low level of iron stored in the bone marrow
4. DA specific infection of the urinary tract by bacteria

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. ASodium and its anions
2. BPlasma albumin
3. CGlucose in plasma
4. DUrea (from BUN)

Why is "free T₄" often measured rather than total T₄?

1. AThe free form is the form excreted in urine
2. BThe free form is stored inside the pituitary
3. CThe free form is the unbound, active hormone
4. DThe free form is the only form made by the gland

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
2. BGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
3. CGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
4. DGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning

A patient with acute pancreatitis has muscle twitching and numbness around the mouth. Which laboratory value should the nurse check?

1. ASerum sodium
2. BSerum amylase
3. CSerum chloride
4. DSerum calcium

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. ALiver function tests and platelet count
2. BThyroid function and serum calcium
3. CTroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide
4. DSerum lithium and urine specific gravity

After a crush injury, a patient's urine dipstick is strongly positive for blood, but microscopy shows almost no red cells. CK is very high. What best explains this?

1. ABleeding is coming from the bladder lining
2. BA kidney stone is scraping the ureter lining
3. CThe sample was contaminated with menstrual blood
4. DMyoglobin from damaged muscle is in the urine

A patient has macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B₁₂ and antibodies to intrinsic factor. What does this suggest, and how is it usually treated?

1. AIron deficiency, treated with oral iron tablets
2. BPernicious anemia, treated with B₁₂ injections
3. CHemolytic anemia, treated with blood transfusion
4. DFolate deficiency, treated with folic acid only