Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is bronchiectasis?

1. APermanent widening of the bronchi with chronic sputum
2. BA tumour of the main bronchus
3. CDestruction of the alveolar walls with air trapping
4. DA brief spasm of the airways that fully reverses with treatment

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
2. BIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
3. CIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
4. DIt kills bacteria in the bronchi

What is pitting oedema?

1. ASwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed
2. BRedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed
3. CSwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure
4. DA small sore that forms on the shin

У пацієнта з нещодавнім інсультом і утрудненим ковтанням з'являються гарячка й хрипи в нижній частці правої легені. Яка найімовірніша причина?

1. AАспіраційна пневмонія
2. BЛівошлуночкова недостатність
3. CТромбоемболія легеневої артерії
4. DГострий напад астми

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
2. BAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
3. CUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
4. DApply tight jewellery to the left wrist

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
2. BThe first sample is always contaminated
3. CTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
4. DThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80

A patient taking warfarin for AF falls and hits their head. An hour later they are drowsy and have vomited. What is the priority?

1. AGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and a light meal
2. BUrgent escalation for CT of the head and anticoagulant reversal
3. CWithhold tonight's warfarin and review tomorrow
4. DEncourage sleep and check observations at the next routine time

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
2. BA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
3. CAn obese patient after hip surgery
4. DA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement