Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is most strongly linked with which factor?

1. ADrinking coffee
2. BLack of sleep
3. CA high-salt diet
4. DSmoking tobacco

Який побічний ефект гліцерилу тринітрату (нітрогліцерину) найпоширеніший?

1. AГоловний біль
2. BСухий кашель
3. CЗапор
4. DНабряк щиколоток

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. AA persistent dry cough
2. BA productive cough with green sputum
3. CA fast, irregular heart rate
4. DSwelling of both ankles

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. AAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy
2. BDo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done
3. CHold the breath while lifting heavy objects
4. DSit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AA single sample after the first week of treatment
2. BA swab from the nose only
3. CSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum
4. DOne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day

A patient who had a stroke has a weak swallow. Which measure most reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia?

1. AGiving meals while the patient is drowsy
2. BA swallowing assessment and sitting upright for meals
3. CLying flat for 30 minutes after eating to aid digestion
4. DGiving thin fluids quickly through a straw between meals

Four hours after abdominal surgery, a patient's heart rate has risen from 84 to 122/min and they are restless and pale. BP is still 118/76 mmHg, and the surgical drain is filling with blood. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AThe tachycardia is from pain and needs only analgesia
2. BEarly haemorrhagic shock is likely, so escalate urgently
3. CThe drain is working well, so no action is needed
4. DThe patient is stable because the blood pressure is normal

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient
2. BThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
3. CThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation
4. DToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration