Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

Which symptom lasting more than three weeks is a classic warning sign of laryngeal cancer?

1. AOccasional hiccups
2. BMild sneezing and a runny nose in the morning
3. CPersistent hoarseness of the voice
4. DItching of the eyes

Which type of leg ulcer is most common?

1. AVenous ulcers
2. BArterial ulcers
3. CUlcers from spider bites
4. DMalignant ulcers

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
2. BMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
3. CSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
4. DStroke volume divided by heart rate

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ACover the site and keep using it until it blocks
2. BRemove the cannula, document and monitor the site
3. CFlush the cannula hard to clear it
4. DLeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
2. BIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
3. CIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
4. DIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
2. BTake a beta-blocker before exercise
3. CUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
4. DExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways

A fit 24-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 46/min on admission for minor surgery. He has no dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness, and his BP is 118/70 mmHg. What is the appropriate response?

1. ADocument and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
2. BCancel the surgery and arrange a permanent pacemaker urgently
3. CStart chest compressions
4. DGive IV atropine straight away to bring the rate above 60/min

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. ASpontaneous pneumothorax
2. BAcute left ventricular failure after an MI
3. CAn acute asthma attack
4. DAcute respiratory distress syndrome