Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt moves mucus up towards the throat
2. BIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
3. CIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
4. DIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open

Which description fits stable angina?

1. ASharp chest pain that worsens with each breath
2. BChest pain that appears only after heavy meals
3. CChest pain at rest that lasts longer than an hour and keeps returning
4. DChest pain on exertion that eases with rest or nitrates

In an adult over 40, an added third heart sound (S3) most often suggests which problem?

1. AInflammation of the pericardium
2. BHeart failure with fluid overload
3. CA normal finding of good fitness
4. DA narrowed aortic valve

Which investigation is usually used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AA plain chest X-ray and an ECG
2. BAn exercise ECG
3. CCompression duplex ultrasound
4. DA lung function test

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. APhaeochromocytoma
2. BStable angina
3. CAsthma
4. DAortic stenosis

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it
2. BA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
3. CIt works only when given by mouth
4. DIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels

Плевральний дренаж пацієнта випадково висмикнули. Яка негайна дія?

1. AЗакрити місце стерильною оклюзійною пов'язкою й покликати допомогу
2. BЗаштовхнути дренаж назад у грудну клітку й закріпити стрічкою
3. CПопросити пацієнта сильно кашлянути, щоб розправити легеню
4. DЗалишити отвір відкритим, щоб затримане повітря могло вийти

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. AHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
2. BPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
3. CPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
4. DPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries