Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
2. BIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
3. CIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
4. DIt kills bacteria in the bronchi

Where does gas exchange between air and blood take place in the lungs?

1. AIn the main bronchi
2. BIn the trachea
3. CIn the pleural space
4. DIn the alveoli

Який електроліт часто знижується під дією петльових діуретиків, як-от фуросемід?

1. AБікарбонат
2. BЗалізо
3. CФосфат
4. DКалій

Які ознаки найкраще описують артеріальну виразку ноги?

1. AБолюча, бліда виразка з «вирізаними» краями на пальцях ніг зі слабким пульсом на стопах
2. BНеглибока волога виразка над внутрішньою кісточкою з коричневою шкірою
3. CМокнуча виразка на гомілці з ямковим набряком ноги
4. DБезболісна виразка під подушечкою стопи з товстою мозоллю навколо

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
2. BA tall, thin young man who smokes
3. CA child with a viral sore throat
4. DAn older woman with long-standing heart failure

How is the jugular venous pressure usually assessed?

1. APatient standing with the neck flexed forward
2. BPatient sitting upright with the arms raised above the head
3. CPatient lying completely flat with the head turned to the right
4. DPatient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement
2. BAn obese patient after hip surgery
3. CA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
4. DA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago

Two adults with cystic fibrosis are admitted to the same ward. What is the correct infection-control plan?

1. ANurse them in separate single rooms and keep them apart
2. BUse standard precautions only, as CF is not infectious
3. CPut them in the same bay so they can support each other
4. DLet them share physiotherapy sessions and equipment