Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: серцево-судинна та дихальна системи» з відповідями

What is the correct first aid for an adult with a nosebleed?

1. ATilt the head back and pinch the bony bridge of the nose firmly
2. BSit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes
3. CLie flat on the back with the head turned to one side for an hour
4. DBlow the nose hard to clear the clots

Finger clubbing is commonly linked with which condition?

1. ABronchiectasis
2. BMild asthma
3. CHigh blood pressure
4. DAcute bronchitis

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
3. CCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
4. DDissolved freely in the plasma water

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
2. BThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
3. CThe first sample is always contaminated
4. DTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
2. BStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol
3. CStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
4. DStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ASoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels
2. BTake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
3. CKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
4. DRub the fingers hard with snow during an attack

An older patient with three rib fractures is breathing shallowly and refuses to cough because of pain. What is the priority intervention?

1. AKeep the patient flat and still in bed until the pain settles
2. BStrap the chest tightly with bandages to stop the ribs moving
3. CEffective analgesia so they can breathe deeply and cough
4. DWithhold analgesia to avoid depressing breathing

A nurse receives handover on four patients. Which patient should be seen first?

1. AA patient with asthma who wants a reliever inhaler before a walk
2. BA patient with pneumonia on IV antibiotics who now has a temperature of 38,2 °C
3. CA patient on day 1 after surgery who is newly restless, RR 30/min, SpO₂ 88% on 4 L/min
4. DA patient with COPD on 1 L/min whose SpO₂ has been 89% and stable throughout the night