Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: ШКТ, періопераційний період та онкологія» з відповідями

Why are pressure areas padded when a patient is positioned for surgery?

1. ATo keep the patient from moving during the operation
2. BTo make the operating table look tidy
3. CTo warm the patient during the procedure
4. DTo prevent pressure injury and nerve damage

Which factor most increases the risk of Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. ARecent antibiotic treatment
2. BDrinking bottled water
3. CRegular exercise
4. DA diet high in fibre

What is the main purpose of a biopsy when cancer is suspected?

1. ATo remove all the cancer at once
2. BTo give chemotherapy directly into the tumour
3. CTo measure the patient's blood count
4. DTo confirm the diagnosis by examining tissue

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. ARoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care
2. BNo change unless the patient complains
3. CAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness
4. DDischarge planning for the next day

Що є першим пріоритетом, коли пацієнт прибуває до палати пробудження після загальної анестезії?

1. AКовток води
2. BПов'язка на рані та дренажі
3. CДихальні шляхи та дихання
4. DАнамнез щодо ліків

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
2. BEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
3. CTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
4. DSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully

On the ward after surgery, a patient has a red, blistered area of skin under where the diathermy plate was. What should the nurse do?

1. AApply a hot water bottle to improve the circulation
2. BTreat it as a possible burn, report it and complete an incident form
3. CIgnore it because skin changes after surgery are normal and expected to fade
4. DWash it with alcohol and leave it uncovered

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. APlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
2. BCancel the surgery without discussing it
3. CAsk the family to override the decision
4. DRespect the decision, document it and inform the team