Робочий аркуш «Медсестринство в терапії та хірургії: нервова, ендокринна та сечовидільна системи» з відповідями

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. AChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit
2. BRegular eye screening with retinal photographs
3. CWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision
4. DA yearly blood test for HbA1c only

Чому багато пацієнтів із хронічною хворобою нирок розвивають анемію?

1. AНирки виробляють менше еритропоетину
2. BНирки руйнують еритроцити
3. CДіаліз видаляє залізо з крові
4. DКров щодня втрачається із сечею

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AFever, rigors and pain in the loin
2. BUrine that smells slightly stronger
3. CPassing urine more often at night only
4. DMild burning on passing urine only

A woman who takes the combined contraceptive pill is starting carbamazepine. What should she be taught?

1. AShe should take both at the same time so they are absorbed together
2. BThere is no interaction between these two medicines
3. CCarbamazepine can make the pill less effective, so other contraception is needed
4. DThe pill makes carbamazepine toxic, so she must stop the pill

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
2. BIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours
3. CUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
4. DDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. AThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
2. BDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
3. CHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
4. DDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours

Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?

1. ABecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines
2. BTo save money on blood tests and drugs
3. CTo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
4. DBecause diabetes cannot damage older people

A nurse teaches a woman with recurrent UTIs. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will wipe from front to back."
2. B"I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
3. C"I will pass urine soon after sex."
4. D"I will drink enough fluids during the day."