Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Montelukast, used in asthma, belongs to which drug class?

1. AAntimuscarinic bronchodilators
2. BInhaled corticosteroids
3. CShort-acting beta-2 agonists
4. DLeukotriene receptor antagonists

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
2. BTo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour
3. CTo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate
4. DTo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate

What does "bacteriostatic" mean?

1. AThe drug kills viruses as well as bacteria
2. BThe drug prevents the patient's immune response
3. CThe drug stops bacteria multiplying without killing them directly
4. DThe drug kills bacteria directly by breaking down their cell wall

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?

1. AAny new skin rash
2. BA brief change in taste
3. CMild headache on the first day
4. DSlight tiredness in the afternoon

After instilling eye drops, why should the patient press gently on the inner corner of the eye for a minute or two?

1. ATo make the pupil dilate faster
2. BTo reduce drainage into the nose and absorption into blood
3. CTo stop the eye from producing tears for about an hour
4. DTo spread the drop evenly over the eyelid

Before starting a TNF-alpha inhibitor such as adalimumab, which test is required?

1. AScreening for latent tuberculosis
2. BA glucose tolerance test
3. CAn echocardiogram in every patient
4. DA bone density scan

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis needs a benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal. Why is lorazepam often chosen instead of diazepam?

1. ALorazepam is a stronger anticonvulsant than all other benzodiazepines
2. BLorazepam does not cause sedation in liver disease
3. CLorazepam is excreted unchanged in the urine without any metabolism
4. DLorazepam is cleared by simple conjugation and has no active metabolites

У новонароджених, яким дають хлорамфенікол, може розвинутися «синдром сірої дитини». Яка головна причина?

1. AУ новонароджених хлорамфенікол перетворюється на вітамін K
2. BНирки новонародженого надто швидко виводять препарат, тож призначають вищі дози
3. CНезріла глюкуронізація в печінці дає препарату накопичуватися
4. DНовонароджені виробляють антитіла до препарату