Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Пластир з фентанілом, наклеєний на шкіру, — приклад якого шляху введення?

1. AПідшкірного
2. BТрансдермального
3. CВнутрішньошкірного
4. DСублінгвального

How long does it usually take for an SSRI to improve mood noticeably?

1. AA few hours
2. BAbout six months
3. CSeveral weeks
4. DOne or two days

How does tamsulosin improve urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AIt contracts the bladder muscle
2. BIt increases urine production in the kidney
3. CIt blocks alpha-1 receptors and relaxes prostate smooth muscle
4. DIt shrinks the prostate gland over months by blocking testosterone

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
2. BIt shrinks the prostate gland
3. CIt increases urine production in the kidney
4. DIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle

Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?

1. AOlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach
2. BKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases
3. COlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
4. DLower doses are cheaper for older patients

While giving medicines, a patient says, "That pill looks different from the one I usually take." What should the nurse do?

1. AStop and recheck the order and the medicine before giving it
2. BGive the pill and check the chart afterwards
3. CExplain that only the staff decide which medicines are given
4. DReassure the patient and give the pill anyway

Five days after starting clindamycin, a patient has frequent watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and a fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AFood poisoning; encourage a high-fibre diet and plenty of milk products
2. BC. difficile infection; send stool, use contact precautions, avoid antidiarrhoeals
3. CA normal side effect; give loperamide and continue as usual
4. DAn allergy to clindamycin; give an antihistamine and continue the antibiotic

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis needs a benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal. Why is lorazepam often chosen instead of diazepam?

1. ALorazepam is excreted unchanged in the urine without any metabolism
2. BLorazepam is a stronger anticonvulsant than all other benzodiazepines
3. CLorazepam does not cause sedation in liver disease
4. DLorazepam is cleared by simple conjugation and has no active metabolites