Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Methylphenidate, used in ADHD, belongs to which class?

1. ACentral nervous system stimulants
2. BBenzodiazepines
3. COpioid analgesics
4. DAntipsychotics (dopamine blockers)

Який побічний ефект морфіну майже ніколи не минає при тривалому застосуванні?

1. AСонливість
2. BСвербіж
3. CЗакреп
4. DНудота

Which vitamin reverses the effect of warfarin?

1. AVitamin E
2. BVitamin C
3. CVitamin B12
4. DVitamin K

1000 mL of IV fluid is to be given over 8 hours with a pump. What rate should be set?

1. A80 mL/h
2. B125 mL/h
3. C250 mL/h
4. D100 mL/h

Why should loperamide usually be avoided in bloody diarrhoea with fever?

1. ALoperamide makes the bleeding worse by blocking platelets
2. BLoperamide causes severe hypertension when there is an infection
3. CLoperamide is an antibiotic that causes resistance
4. DSlowing the gut may keep bacteria and toxins in the bowel longer

How are most medication doses for children calculated?

1. ABy the child's age in years only
2. BBy body weight in kilograms, or sometimes body surface area
3. CBy the child's height alone
4. DBy giving half of the adult dose to all children under 12

A patient develops a dry cough on an ACE inhibitor and is switched to losartan. Why is losartan less likely to cause cough?

1. AIt blocks histamine receptors in the airways
2. BIt does not block the breakdown of bradykinin
3. CIt is excreted faster by the kidney
4. DIt also acts as a bronchodilator

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AExpected nausea; the patient should take the next dose with food
2. BConstipation; a laxative will solve the problem
3. CAcute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged
4. DHypoglycaemia; the patient should eat sweets and continue as usual