Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
2. BIt reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine
3. CIt binds bile acids in the gut
4. DIt increases the excretion of cholesterol in the urine and bile

Що таке антагоніст?

1. AЛіки, що перетворюються на активну форму
2. BЛіки, що зв'язуються з рецептором, не активуючи його, і блокують агоніст
3. CЛіки, що посилюють вивільнення природного ліганду з нервових закінчень
4. DЛіки, що повністю активують рецептор

Drugs whose names end in "-pril", such as lisinopril, belong to which class?

1. AAngiotensin II receptor blockers
2. BBeta blockers
3. CCalcium channel blockers
4. DACE inhibitors

A patient given haloperidol develops a sudden painful twisting of the neck and the eyes roll upward. Which drug is usually given?

1. ANaloxone
2. BA second dose of haloperidol
3. CDantrolene by mouth to relax the twisted neck muscles
4. DAn anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3,0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
2. BGive intramuscular glucagon at once
3. CGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
4. DGive the next scheduled dose of insulin

Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?

1. ATake it after food with a full glass of water
2. BTake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
3. CTake it with alcohol to reduce nausea
4. DTake double doses in the first week

A patient with Parkinson's disease has nausea. Why should metoclopramide be avoided?

1. AIt increases dopamine levels in the brain too much and causes psychosis
2. BIt blocks dopamine receptors in the brain and can worsen the parkinsonism
3. CIt inhibits the absorption of all oral drugs
4. DIt causes severe diarrhoea in Parkinson's disease

A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?

1. ASerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
2. BBleeding from vitamin K deficiency
3. CA hypertensive crisis from tyramine
4. DSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors