Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt binds bile acids in the gut
2. BIt increases the excretion of cholesterol in the urine and bile
3. CIt inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
4. DIt reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine

Fibrates such as fenofibrate mainly lower which blood lipid?

1. ATriglycerides
2. BLipoprotein(a) only
3. CHDL cholesterol
4. DBile acids

Montelukast, used in asthma, belongs to which drug class?

1. AInhaled corticosteroids
2. BLeukotriene receptor antagonists
3. CAntimuscarinic bronchodilators
4. DShort-acting beta-2 agonists

Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?

1. ALower doses are cheaper for older patients
2. BOlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
3. COlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach
4. DKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases

Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?

1. AMild tiredness in the first few days
2. BDarker stools than usual
3. CA slightly bitter or metallic taste for a while after each dose
4. DPain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?

1. AA brief change in taste
2. BAny new skin rash
3. CMild headache on the first day
4. DSlight tiredness in the afternoon

Для ліків із виведенням першого порядку подвоєння дози (без зміни інтервалу):

1. AНе змінить рівноважну концентрацію, але вдвічі скоротить час її досягнення
2. BПодвоїть період напіввиведення
3. CВдвічі скоротить час досягнення рівноваги
4. DПодвоїть рівноважну концентрацію, але не змінить час її досягнення

A patient who has had several courses of bleomycin develops a dry cough and worsening breathlessness. What should the nurse suspect?

1. APulmonary fibrosis from bleomycin
2. BAsthma caused by anxiety
3. CHeart failure from bleomycin
4. DA normal effect that will pass in a day