Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Який препарат є засобом першої лінії при анафілаксії?

1. AПероральний преднізолон
2. BІнгаляційний сальбутамол
3. CПероральний антигістамінний препарат
4. DАдреналін внутрішньом'язово

Який побічний ефект морфіну майже ніколи не минає при тривалому застосуванні?

1. AСонливість
2. BЗакреп
3. CНудота
4. DСвербіж

Disulfiram is used in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ARemoves alcohol from the blood faster
2. BCauses an unpleasant reaction if alcohol is drunk
3. CReplaces alcohol at its receptors in the brain
4. DCures liver damage caused by alcohol

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?

1. AAny new skin rash
2. BMild headache on the first day
3. CSlight tiredness in the afternoon
4. DA brief change in taste

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt causes immediate kidney failure
2. BIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
3. CIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
4. DIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery

A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?

1. ATen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium
2. BBetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
3. CHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
4. DNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before

A patient who uses insulin is taught sick-day rules. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will keep drinking fluids, even if I cannot eat much."
2. B"I will seek help if I keep vomiting or have ketones."
3. C"If I am ill and not eating, I will stop my insulin completely."
4. D"I will check my blood glucose and ketones more often while I am ill."

Which heart failure drug improves symptoms and reduces hospital admissions but has not been shown to reduce mortality?

1. AA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist such as spironolactone
2. BAn ACE inhibitor
3. CDigoxin
4. DA beta blocker such as bisoprolol