Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Why is methadone used to treat opioid use disorder?

1. AIt is a pure opioid antagonist that blocks all opioid effects
2. BIt causes vomiting if other opioids are used
3. CIt cures the liver damage caused by opioids
4. DIt is a long-acting opioid that prevents withdrawal and craving

What is a "broad-spectrum" antibiotic?

1. AOne that is taken for a long time at low dose to prevent any infection
2. BOne that is given only intravenously in hospital
3. COne that acts against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
4. DOne that also treats viral and fungal infections

Що таке агоніст?

1. AЛіки, що прискорюють власне виведення
2. BЛіки, що зв'язуються з рецептором і блокують його
3. CЛіки, що зв'язуються з рецептором і активують його
4. DЛіки, що руйнують рецептор

Which side effects are most common when starting gabapentin?

1. AInsomnia and agitation
2. BHair loss and weight loss
3. CDrowsiness and dizziness
4. DCough and runny nose

Why is testing for HLA-B*15:02 recommended before carbamazepine in people of some Asian ancestries?

1. AThis gene variant causes carbamazepine to raise blood glucose
2. BIt greatly raises the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome
3. CThis gene variant makes carbamazepine ineffective
4. DThis gene variant speeds up the kidney excretion of carbamazepine

A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?

1. AHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
2. BNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before
3. CTen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium
4. DBetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day

A malnourished patient with low serum albumin shows nystagmus and unsteady gait. Her total phenytoin level is within range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe total level is high, but the laboratory is wrong
2. BLow albumin speeds up phenytoin metabolism
3. CLow albumin makes phenytoin bind more tightly, so the drug is less active
4. DMore phenytoin is unbound when albumin is low, so free levels rise

A teenager took a large overdose of diphenhydramine. He is agitated, hot, flushed and confused, with dry skin, dilated pupils and a full bladder. What is this pattern?

1. ASerotonin syndrome
2. BOpioid toxidrome
3. CAnticholinergic toxidrome
4. DCholinergic toxidrome