Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?

1. AInnate immunity
2. BActive immunity
3. CHerd immunity
4. DPassive immunity

Which of these drugs has a narrow therapeutic index?

1. ALoratadine
2. BAmoxicillin
3. COmeprazole
4. DLithium

What is a prodrug?

1. AA drug that prevents or reverses the effect of another drug in the body
2. BA drug that has passed all clinical trials
3. CA drug that is inactive until the body converts it into its active form
4. DA drug that is given before surgery

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
2. BVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
3. CVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
4. DFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever

Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?

1. ATake it with alcohol to reduce nausea
2. BTake it after food with a full glass of water
3. CTake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
4. DTake double doses in the first week

Чому пацієнтам, які приймають клозапін, потрібні регулярні аналізи крові?

1. AВін часто спричиняє залізодефіцитну анемію
2. BВін небезпечно підвищує кількість тромбоцитів
3. CВін змінює групу крові
4. DВін може спричинити агранулоцитоз

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
2. BLithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
3. CThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated
4. DLithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)

A patient on weekly methotrexate is prescribed trimethoprim for a urinary infection. What is the main risk?

1. ABone marrow suppression, because both drugs inhibit folate metabolism
2. BLoss of antibiotic effect because methotrexate binds trimethoprim
3. CSevere hypertension from the combination
4. DHypoglycaemia from reduced liver glucose output