Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Before giving any medication, how should the nurse identify the patient?

1. ACheck the room and bed number against the medication chart
2. BAsk "Are you Mr Jones?" and wait for a nod
3. CRead the name on the sign next to the door
4. DUse two identifiers, such as full name and date of birth

Що таке плацебо?

1. AНеактивне лікування, що все ж може давати ефекти через очікування
2. BЛіки, що вводять у половинній звичайній дозі, щоб зменшити побічні ефекти в дослідженнях
3. CЛіки, активні лише в групі плацебо
4. DНові ліки, ще не схвалені

Which intramuscular site is generally preferred for adults because it is far from major nerves and vessels?

1. ADorsogluteal
2. BVentrogluteal
3. CForearm
4. DDeltoid for large volumes

How are most medication doses for children calculated?

1. ABy body weight in kilograms, or sometimes body surface area
2. BBy giving half of the adult dose to all children under 12
3. CBy the child's height alone
4. DBy the child's age in years only

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?

1. AOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive
2. BAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
3. CAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer
4. DOnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level

Як інгібітори SGLT2, як-от емпагліфлозин, знижують глюкозу крові?

1. AВони збільшують втрату глюкози із сечею
2. BВони змушують печінку запасати більше глікогену
3. CВони стимулюють вивільнення інсуліну з бета-клітин
4. DВони сповільнюють спорожнення шлунка

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
2. BLithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
3. CLithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
4. DThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated

A patient who takes clonidine stopped it suddenly two days ago. He is now agitated, has a headache and his blood pressure is very high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ANormal variation unrelated to the medication
2. BRebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal
3. CAn allergic reaction to clonidine
4. DClonidine toxicity due to slow excretion by the kidneys