Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Статини, як-от аторвастатин, знижують холестерин, пригнічуючи який фермент?

1. AЦиклооксигеназу
2. BГМГ-КоА-редуктазу
3. CЛіпопротеїнліпазу
4. DАнгіотензинперетворювальний фермент

Methylphenidate, used in ADHD, belongs to which class?

1. ACentral nervous system stimulants
2. BOpioid analgesics
3. CBenzodiazepines
4. DAntipsychotics (dopamine blockers)

With patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), who should press the button to give a dose?

1. AAny visitor who thinks the patient is in pain
2. BOnly the patient
3. CThe nursing assistant at set times
4. DA family member when the patient is asleep

Which early signs suggest systemic toxicity from a local anaesthetic?

1. APinpoint pupils and slow, shallow breathing
2. BItchy rash and swelling only at the injection site
3. CNumbness around the mouth, metallic taste and tinnitus
4. DHeavy sweating, salivation and diarrhoea

Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?

1. AMild tiredness in the first few days
2. BA slightly bitter or metallic taste for a while after each dose
3. CPain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
4. DDarker stools than usual

During an oxytocin infusion, contractions become very frequent and the fetal heart rate shows late decelerations. What is the nurse's first action?

1. AGive a second oxytocin bolus
2. BPosition the woman flat on her back
3. CIncrease the infusion to finish labour quickly
4. DStop the oxytocin infusion

A patient with an epidural infusion of local anaesthetic becomes hypotensive. What is the most likely mechanism?

1. ABlockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation
2. BThe epidural catheter has caused heavy bleeding
3. CThe drug increases urine output and causes dehydration
4. DThe local anaesthetic causes a severe allergic reaction

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis needs a benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal. Why is lorazepam often chosen instead of diazepam?

1. ALorazepam is cleared by simple conjugation and has no active metabolites
2. BLorazepam is a stronger anticonvulsant than all other benzodiazepines
3. CLorazepam does not cause sedation in liver disease
4. DLorazepam is excreted unchanged in the urine without any metabolism