Phiếu bài tập Điều dưỡng lâm sàng có đáp án

Dấu hiệu nào gợi ý mất nước ở người lớn?

1. ASưng cổ chân, ran nổ ở phổi và áp lực tĩnh mạch cảnh tăng
2. BMiệng ẩm, nước tiểu nhạt và mạch bình thường
3. CTăng cân trong hai ngày
4. DKhô miệng, nước tiểu sẫm đặc và nhịp tim nhanh

A patient's care plan says "nil by mouth". What does this mean?

1. AFood is allowed, but drinks must be stopped until the next day
2. BNo food or drink by mouth unless specific exceptions are prescribed
3. CThe patient may eat if they feel hungry
4. DOnly clear fluids such as water and black tea are allowed

How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?

1. AWeight in kilograms multiplied by height in metres
2. BHeight in metres divided by weight in kilograms, then squared
3. CWeight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared
4. DWaist size divided by hip size

A patient with anaphylaxis is hypotensive but has no breathing difficulty. How should they be positioned?

1. ALying face down
2. BStanding up and walking around
3. CSitting upright with the legs dangling
4. DLying flat, with the legs raised

Which is a major risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. ARegular exercise
2. BTaking regular paracetamol
3. CA diet high in fibre and fresh fruit
4. DRecent broad-spectrum antibiotic use

Lỗ mở đại tràng (colostomy) mới có màu tím sẫm đến đen vào ngày thứ hai sau mổ. Điều này cho thấy gì?

1. ACó thể thiếu máu cục bộ ở lỗ mở, cần thăm khám khẩn cấp
2. BTáo bón
3. CMột lỗ mở bình thường, khỏe mạnh
4. DBầm tím bình thường của lỗ mở sau phẫu thuật, không cần xử trí

Why are liquid medicines for nasogastric tubes drawn up in dedicated enteral (oral) syringes rather than IV syringes?

1. AEnteral syringes measure doses less accurately
2. BIV syringes cannot hold liquid medicines
3. CEnteral syringes keep the medicine sterile
4. DTo prevent accidental intravenous administration

A patient with several days of vomiting and diarrhoea has low blood pressure, low urine output and a rising creatinine. Which description fits best?

1. AChronic kidney disease, treated with long-term dialysis three times a week
2. BPre-renal acute kidney injury from poor perfusion, treated by restoring fluid volume
3. CPost-renal acute kidney injury from obstruction, treated with a catheter
4. DIntrinsic kidney injury from glomerulonephritis, treated with high-dose steroids