Phiếu bài tập Điều dưỡng lâm sàng có đáp án

Dấu hiệu nào gợi ý mất nước ở người lớn?

1. AKhô miệng, nước tiểu sẫm đặc và nhịp tim nhanh
2. BMiệng ẩm, nước tiểu nhạt và mạch bình thường
3. CSưng cổ chân, ran nổ ở phổi và áp lực tĩnh mạch cảnh tăng
4. DTăng cân trong hai ngày

The term "proteinuria" means:

1. AToo much protein in the diet
2. BProtein in the urine
3. CLow protein in the blood
4. DPainful passing of urine

Tư thế nào thường giúp bệnh nhân khó thở do suy tim cấp?

1. ANgồi thẳng với hai chân thả xuống
2. BNằm ngửa phẳng với hai chân nâng cao
3. CNghiêng đầu thấp
4. DNằm sấp

Why should a urinary catheter drainage bag be kept below the level of the bladder?

1. ATo prevent urine flowing back into the bladder
2. BTo make the bag easier for the nurse to empty
3. CTo stop the catheter from falling out
4. DTo keep the urine warm

How does CPAP help a patient with obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt strengthens the breathing muscles during the day
2. BIt keeps the upper airway open during sleep with continuous air pressure
3. CIt delivers bronchodilator drugs deep into the lungs overnight
4. DIt removes excess carbon dioxide from the lungs by gentle suction

Why are patients with atrial fibrillation often given anticoagulants?

1. ATo convert the rhythm back to normal
2. BTo lower the blood pressure
3. CTo slow the heart rate directly and prevent palpitations
4. DTo reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria

An acutely ill patient without COPD is on 15 L/min oxygen, and their SpO₂ is now 100% and stable. What should be done?

1. AKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min for at least a week to be on the safe side
2. BStop the oxygen and the saturation monitoring because the patient is now well
3. CIncrease the oxygen further to build up a reserve
4. DReduce the oxygen to keep the SpO₂ within the prescribed target range

A patient with small cell lung cancer has hyponatraemia, concentrated urine and no signs of dehydration. Which condition and first measure fit best?

1. ADehydration, managed with an IV fluid bolus
2. BCushing's syndrome, managed with potassium
3. CSIADH, often managed first with fluid restriction
4. DDiabetes insipidus, managed with extra fluids