Phiếu bài tập Điều dưỡng lâm sàng có đáp án

What is the immediate first aid after a needlestick injury?

1. AWash the wound with soap and running water without scrubbing
2. BScrub the wound hard with a brush
3. CSuck the wound to remove the blood, then cover it with a plaster
4. DIgnore it if the needle looked clean

What is the usual normal range for serum sodium in adults (in mmol/L, numerically equal to mEq/L)?

1. A95–105 mmol/L
2. B135–145 mmol/L
3. C2,2–2,6 mmol/L
4. D3,5–5,0 mmol/L

What is a transient ischaemic attack (TIA)?

1. AA permanent stroke caused by bleeding into the brain
2. BA heart attack affecting the brain
3. CShort-lived stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely
4. DA type of migraine with no risk of stroke

After removing a peripheral IV cannula, what should the nurse check?

1. AThat the cannula is intact, and apply pressure until bleeding stops
2. BThat the site is left uncovered and bleeding freely
3. CThat the patient's blood glucose is normal before removal
4. DThat the cannula is put back in its sterile packet for the next patient

A patient's low potassium does not improve despite potassium replacement. Which other electrolyte should be checked?

1. ASodium
2. BPhosphate
3. CChloride
4. DMagnesium

Bệnh nhân suy tim tăng 2 kg trong hai ngày. Điều này nhiều khả năng cho thấy gì?

1. AMất nước
2. BTăng khối lượng cơ
3. CỨ dịch
4. DĐiều trị thành công

Why is hypokalaemia particularly dangerous in a patient taking digoxin?

1. ALow potassium makes digoxin work too slowly
2. BLow potassium stops digoxin from being absorbed
3. CDigoxin raises potassium to dangerous levels when it is already low
4. DLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity

A patient with hyperkalaemia is given IV insulin with glucose. What is the purpose, and what must be monitored?

1. ATo protect the heart muscle directly; the patient must be kept nil by mouth
2. BTo treat hidden diabetes; HbA1c must be checked daily
3. CTo remove potassium from the body; urine output must be stopped for a time
4. DTo shift potassium into cells; blood glucose must be monitored for hypoglycaemia