Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

Cation chính trong dịch bên trong tế bào là gì?

1. ANatri
2. BClorua
3. CCalci
4. DKali

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on serum calcium?

1. AIt raises serum calcium
2. BIt lowers serum calcium
3. CIt has no effect on calcium
4. DIt only changes urine calcium

In a standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, what does the patient do?

1. AReceives an insulin injection, and glucose is checked each hour
2. BFasts for 3 days, and glucose is checked every morning before breakfast
3. CEats a normal meal, and glucose is checked once later that evening
4. DDrinks a measured glucose solution, and glucose is checked 2 hours later

A patient scheduled for surgery this morning has a potassium of 3,0 mEq/L on pre-operative tests. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it to the surgical team before surgery
2. BSend the patient to surgery without comment
3. CGive an oral potassium dose without a prescription
4. DRepeat the test after the surgery is finished

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum calcium, which may rise too high
2. BSerum glucose, which may rise very high
3. CSerum sodium, which may fall too low
4. DSerum potassium, which may rise too high

A patient's eGFR has fallen to 24 mL/min/1,73 m². Which prescribed drug should the nurse question before giving it?

1. AAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
2. BLevothyroxine
3. CMetformin
4. DInsulin glargine

A patient with acute kidney injury has a potassium of 6,8 mEq/L despite medical treatment, a pH of 7,12 and pulmonary edema not responding to diuretics. Which treatment is most likely needed?

1. AA potassium supplement
2. BUrgent dialysis
3. CAn IV magnesium dose
4. DMore oral fluid

An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?

1. APyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
2. BA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
3. CAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
4. DContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week