Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used mainly in relation to which organ?

1. APituitary gland
2. BPancreas
3. CProstate gland
4. DThyroid gland

What is the usual BUN-to-creatinine ratio in a healthy adult (using mg/dL)?

1. AAbout 50:1 to 60:1
2. BAbout 100:1 to 200:1
3. CAbout 10:1 to 20:1
4. DAbout 1:1 to 2:1

What does a raised D-dimer level show?

1. AThe patient is taking too much warfarin
2. BFibrin clots are being formed and broken down in the body
3. CThe platelet count is too low to stop bleeding
4. DThe liver is no longer able to make clotting factors

A patient scheduled for surgery this morning has a potassium of 3,0 mEq/L on pre-operative tests. What should the nurse do?

1. ASend the patient to surgery without comment
2. BReport it to the surgical team before surgery
3. CGive an oral potassium dose without a prescription
4. DRepeat the test after the surgery is finished

A patient has weight loss, tremor and heat intolerance. Which thyroid test pattern fits Graves disease?

1. AHigh TSH with a low free T₄
2. BHigh TSH with a normal free T₄
3. CLow TSH with a high free T₄
4. DNormal TSH with a low free T₄

A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?

1. AThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
2. BThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
3. CThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
4. DThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10,5 mmol/L), pH 7,15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. ASimple fasting ketosis only
2. BHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
3. CRespiratory acidosis from COPD
4. DEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis

The nurse teaches a patient with chronic kidney disease about a potassium-restricted diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"
2. B"I'll limit bananas, oranges and potatoes in my meals"
3. C"I can leach potatoes by soaking them before cooking them"
4. D"I'll check food labels and ask my dietitian about portion sizes"