Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Nên dùng glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) dạng xịt hoặc viên như thế nào cho cơn đau thắt ngực?

1. ANuốt nguyên viên với một cốc nước
2. BDưới lưỡi, khi bệnh nhân đang đứng thẳng
3. CNhai và nuốt sau bữa ăn
4. DDưới lưỡi, khi bệnh nhân đang ngồi

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BDissolved freely in the plasma water
3. CBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
4. DCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

Khoảng INR mục tiêu thông thường ở bệnh nhân dùng warfarin cho rung nhĩ là bao nhiêu?

1. A2,0–3,0
2. B0,5–1,0
3. C4,0–5,0
4. D1,0–1,5

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol
2. BA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
3. CA loop diuretic such as furosemide
4. DAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
2. BKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
3. CUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
4. DApply tight jewellery to the left wrist

A patient on home oxygen has dry, sore lips. Which product is safest to use?

1. APetroleum jelly
2. BAn oil-based balm
3. CA water-based lubricant
4. DAn alcohol-based gel

On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. AA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
2. BNormal variation that needs no action
3. CTube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
4. DA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. ADo extra exercise to open the airways
2. BFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
3. CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
4. DWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change