Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What is the normal PR interval on an adult ECG?

1. A0,02–0,06 seconds
2. B1,0–1,2 seconds
3. C0,12–0,20 seconds
4. D0,40–0,60 seconds

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out
2. BThe volume of one normal resting breath
3. CThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only
4. DThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in

Which definition best describes heart failure?

1. AA coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a clot
2. BThe heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
3. CThe heart has completely stopped beating and there is no pulse
4. DThe heart beats faster than 150 beats per minute for over an hour

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. ALow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
2. BPotassium has no link with either medicine
3. CHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
4. DLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely

Monitor cho thấy rung thất. Bệnh nhân không đáp ứng và không thở bình thường. Điều trị then chốt là gì?

1. ASốc điện chuyển nhịp đồng bộ dưới an thần sâu
2. BAdenosine tĩnh mạch nhanh rồi bơm tráng
3. CAtropine tĩnh mạch và tạo nhịp ngoài
4. DHồi sinh tim phổi (CPR) và sốc điện khử rung càng sớm càng tốt

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
2. BVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
3. CA large oral dose of digoxin
4. DChest compressions until the rate slows

Shortly after a thoracentesis, a patient becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and reduced breath sounds on the same side. What complication is most likely?

1. APulmonary embolism from the leg
2. BRe-accumulation of the effusion
3. CInfection at the puncture site
4. DPneumothorax

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic
2. BA parapneumonic effusion or empyema
3. CNormal recovery from pneumonia
4. DAsthma triggered by the infection