Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe sinoatrial (SA) node
2. BThe atrioventricular (AV) node
3. CThe Purkinje fibres
4. DThe bundle of His

Vì sao tăng huyết áp thường được gọi là "kẻ giết người thầm lặng"?

1. ABệnh luôn gây đau đầu mà bệnh nhân học cách làm ngơ
2. BBệnh thường không gây triệu chứng trong khi làm tổn thương các cơ quan
3. CBệnh chỉ phát hiện được bằng xét nghiệm máu
4. DBệnh chủ yếu xảy ra ban đêm khi ngủ

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. ALung cancer
2. BEmphysema
3. CAsthma
4. DPneumothorax

Which investigation is most often used to confirm a pulmonary embolism?

1. ASputum culture
2. BPeak flow measurement
3. CAbdominal ultrasound
4. DCT pulmonary angiography

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. ADirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
2. BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
3. CMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
4. DAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AA chest X-ray
2. BStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
3. CAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
4. DA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit

A nurse teaches a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will have regular INR blood tests."
2. B"I will tell my dentist that I take warfarin."
3. C"If I miss a dose, I will take two the next day."
4. D"I will check before taking any new medicines or herbal remedies."

A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?

1. ACall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
2. BEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
3. CArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
4. DGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour